Which of these factors is most associated with memory issues in elderly individuals?

Chronic diseases are most associated with memory issues in elderly individuals due to the impact they can have on overall health and cognitive function. Conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and other neurological disorders directly affect brain health, leading to difficulties in memory retention and recall. Additionally, chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension can cause changes in blood flow or chemical imbalances in the brain, exacerbating cognitive decline.

In contrast, regular exercise, social interactions, and stable housing typically contribute positively to cognitive function by promoting physical health, emotional well-being, and a supportive environment. Exercise has been shown to enhance brain health by improving blood circulation and stimulating brain activity. Social interactions help maintain cognitive function by encouraging mental engagement and reducing feelings of isolation, while stable housing provides a secure environment that can minimize stress and promote better cognitive health.