What does the term HIV refer to?

The term HIV refers to a virus that specifically attacks the immune system, primarily through exposure to infected bodily fluids. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This virus attacks and weakens the body's immune system by targeting CD4 cells (T cells), which are crucial for helping the body fight off infections. Without effective treatment, HIV can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which represents the advanced stage of HIV infection.

HIV transmission can occur through several routes, such as unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. Understanding the nature of HIV is key in preventing its spread and managing the health of individuals living with the virus. This knowledge helps to combat stigma and encourages safe practices in the community.